Accelerating our understanding of infectious diseases

Infecting people on purpose?


Learn how our Imperiaexperts are pioneering this approach to tackle infectious diseases like COVID-19 and malaria in our feature on our human challenge studies.

A human challenge study is a carefully managed medical research study, during which volunteers are intentionally given an infection in a safe way with healthcare support.

Human challenge studies have a unique ability to investigate and understand the onset and development of disease in a controlled environment. They allow researchers to tease out complicated interactions and point out potential targets for prevention, vaccines or treatment that cannot be seen in patients who are infected naturally. 

Imperiahas successfully led several such studies to better understand a range of infectious diseases and, in February 2021, ran the world’s first human challenge study for COVID-19. 

Imperiaalso hosts , a Wellcome-funded international network of researchers developing human infection challenge studies to accelerate the development of vaccines against pathogens of high global impact.

All human challenge studies carried out by Imperiarequire ethical approval from the . Trials are designed to minimise risk to study participants, and the health and safety of participants are paramount.


Mucosal Immunity in human Coronavirus Challenge (MUSICC) project

Led by Imperiaand Professor Chris Chiu, this consortium is an international group of researchers specialising in human challenge studies to develop advanced virus-blocking vaccines.

Announced in 2024, it is laying the crucial groundwork needed to develop the next generation of COVID-19 vaccines that could stop SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses from infecting people in the first place.

The project is co-funded by US $57m (£44m) from the European Union’s Horizon Europe Programme and CEPI (the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations).

Past studies

Challenge Non-Typhoidal Salmonella (CHANTS) study

This study was a non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) Human Challenge Study. Healthy volunteers were “challenged” (deliberately infected) with one of two strains of a particular bacterium called Salmonella Typhimurium. This is a common type of bacteria that normally causes a gut infection (gastroenteritis – diarrhoea and vomiting) in healthy adults.

Learn more about the CHANTS study

 

CHIRP01 Study: RSV study

The CHIRP-01 study investigated the immune response (i.e., how your body fights infection) to Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV). While vaccines are effective in preventing severe disease, there was much less evidence on the duration of protection afforded against the virus, the impact of milder disease, and the ability of vaccines to prevent onward transmission. 

The aim of this research was to identify how the immune system responds to RSV infection and how this changed with aging. The hope is that by understanding this, we will be able to design new therapies and create new vaccines against the virus. 

Find out more about the CHIRP01 Study

CIVICs 20-0004 Study

The purpose of this registry was to establish a list of healthy adult volunteers, 18 to 64 years of age, who may potentially be eligible for participation in influenza or other respiratory infection studies.  The registry will contain information about people and results from blood, nasal and oral tests done on their samples. The information will be used by investigators at ImperiaCollege to screen and contact people who appear eligible for certain research studies.

Read more about the CIVICs 20-0004 study

COVCHIM-02: COVID-19 Human Challenge Study

In this study we aimed to develop a safe human infection model (challenge model) where volunteers who have been vaccinated against Covid-19 are exposed to the Omicron BA.5 subvariant of SARS-CoV-2 virus in a controlled manner.

The study established a dose of virus required to cause infection (defined by positive throat and nose swabs) but with the aim of causing minimal or no symptoms. For safety purposes, we will had a very strict selection criteria for who can take part and performed close monitoring of participants (including an inpatient quarantine stay).

Find out more about the COVCHIM-02 study

COVID-19 Human Challenge Study: COVHIC002

COVID-19 can still infect some people even if they have been previously vaccinated or infected. Researchers wanted to better understand why some people become infected while others do not, and which parts of the immune system help protect against infection.

To answer this question, researchers used a controlled human infection model (CHIM). This type of study can uniquely address scientific questions around infection and immunity. The results from this study can help the development of new vaccines and treatments that will better protect against future variants and reduce spread. 

Find out more about the COVHIC002 study

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV): INFLAMMAGE

Imperiawas funded by the Medical Research Council (MRC) and GlaxoSmithKine (GSK) to conduct a human infection study (also known as a controlled human infection challenge study) with RSV.

Learn more about the INFLAMMAGE study

COVID-19

The COVHIC001 study set out to establish a safe and effective human challenge model for SARS-CoV-2. 36 volunteers aged 18鈥�29 years without evidence of previous infection or vaccination were inoculated with a 鈥榩re-Alpha鈥� strain of SARS-CoV-2. The study was led by a partnership between 海角社区, the Vaccine Taskforce and Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC), hVIVO (part of Open Orphan plc.), and the Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust. The findings of the study were in March 2022. 

Learn more about the COVHIC001 study

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

In October 2020, Imperiainvestigators . The study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanisms of why people succumb to RSV infection and the factors behind varied immune responses. The researchers found that volunteers who succumbed to infection from RSV had more specialised white blood cells called neutrophils in their airways before exposure to the virus, compared to those who staved off infection. 

Find out more about the study's findings in the official news release