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• Journal article
  Graham DB, Khotyaintsev Y, Vaivads A, Edberg NJT, Eriksson A, Johansson EPG, Sorriso-Valvo L, Maksimovic M, Soucek J, Pisa D, Bale SD, Chust T, Kretzschmar M, Krasnoselskikh V, Lorfevre E, Plettemeier D, Steller M, Stverak S, Travnicek P, Vecchio A, Horbury TS, O'Brien H, Evans V, Angelini Vet al., 2021,
  , ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, Vol: 656, ISSN: 0004-6361
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  • Citations: 7
• Journal article
  Khotyaintsev Y, Graham DB, Vaivads A, Steinvall K, Edberg NJT, Eriksson A, Johansson EPG, Sorriso-Valvo L, Maksimovic M, Bale SD, Chust T, Krasnoselskikh V, Kretzschmar M, Lorfevre E, Plettemeier D, Soucek J, Steller M, Stverak S, Travnicek P, Vecchio A, Horbury TS, O'Brien H, Evans V, Angelini V, Lorfevre Eet al., 2021,
  , ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, Vol: 656, ISSN: 0004-6361
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  • Citations: 15
• Journal article
  Weiss AJ, Moestl C, Davies EE, Amerstorfer T, Bauer M, Hinterreiter J, Reiss MA, Bailey RL, Horbury TS, O'Brien H, Evans V, Angelini V, Heyner D, Richter I, Auster H-U, Magnes W, Fischer D, Baumjohann Wet al., 2021,
  , ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, Vol: 656, ISSN: 0004-6361
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  • Citations: 9
• Journal article
  Kretzschmar M, Chust T, Krasnoselskikh V, Graham D, Colomban L, Maksimovic M, Khotyaintsev Y, Soucek J, Steinvall K, Santolik O, Jannet G, Brochot J-Y, Le Contel O, Vecchio A, Bonnin X, Bale SD, Froment C, Larosa A, Bergerard-Timofeeva M, Fergeau P, Lorfevre E, Plettemeier D, Steller M, Stverak S, Travnicek P, Vaivads A, Horbury TS, O'Brien H, Evans V, Angelini V, Owen CJ, Louarn Pet al., 2021,
  , ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, Vol: 656, ISSN: 0004-6361
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  • Citations: 11
• Journal article
  Eastwood JP, Stawarz JE, Phan TD, Laker R, Robertson S, Zhao L-L, Zank GP, Lavraud B, Shay MA, Evans V, Angelini V, O'Brien H, Horbury TSet al., 2021,
  , Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol: 656, Pages: 1-8, ISSN: 0004-6361

  Context. Flux ropes in the solar wind are a key element of heliospheric dynamics and particle acceleration. When associated withcurrent sheets, the primary formation mechanism is magnetic reconnection and flux ropes in current sheets are commonly used astracers of the reconnection process.Aims. Whilst flux ropes associated with reconnecting current sheets in the solar wind have been reported, their occurrence, sizedistribution, and lifetime are not well understood.Methods. Here we present and analyse new Solar Orbiter magnetic field data reporting novel observations of a flux rope confined toa bifurcated current sheet in the solar wind. Comparative data and large-scale context is provided by Wind.Results. The Solar Orbiter observations reveal that the flux rope, which does not span the current sheet, is of ion scale, and in areconnection formation scenario, existed for a prolonged period of time as it was carried out in the reconnection exhaust. Wind is alsofound to have observed clear signatures of reconnection at what may be the same current sheet, thus demonstrating that reconnectionsignatures can be found separated by as much as ∼ 2 000 Earth radii, or 0.08 au.Conclusions. The Solar Orbiter observations provide new insight into the hierarchy of scales on which flux ropes can form, and showthat they exist down to the ion scale in the solar wind. The context provided by Wind extends the spatial scale over which reconnectionsignatures have been found at solar wind current sheets. The data suggest the local orientations of the current sheet at Solar Orbiterand Wind are rotated relative to each other, unlike reconnection observed at smaller separations; the implications of this are discussedwith reference to patchy vs. continuous reconnection scenarios.

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• Journal article
  Lavraud B, Kieokaew R, Fargette N, Louarn P, Fedorov A, André N, Fruit G, Génot V, Réville V, Rouillard AP, Plotnikov I, Penou E, Barthe A, Prech L, Owen CJ, Bruno R, Allegrini F, Berthomier M, Kataria D, Livi S, Raines JM, D'Amicis R, Eastwood JP, Froment C, Laker R, Maksimovic M, Marcucci F, Perri S, Perrone D, Phan TD, Stansby D, Stawarz J, Redondo ST, Vaivads A, Verscharen D, Zouganelis I, Angelini V, Evans V, Horbury TS, O'brien Het al., 2021,
  , Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy, Vol: 656, Pages: 1-8, ISSN: 0250-6335

  Context. Spacecraft observations early revealed frequent multiple protonpopulations in the solar wind. Decades of research on their origin have focusedon processes such as magnetic reconnection in the low corona and wave-particleinteractions in the corona and locally in the solar wind.Aims.This study aimsto highlight that multiple proton populations and beams are also produced bymagnetic reconnection occurring locally in the solar wind. Methods. We use highresolution Solar Orbiter proton velocity distribution function measurements,complemented by electron and magnetic field data, to analyze the association ofmultiple proton populations and beams with magnetic reconnection during aperiod of slow Alfv\'enic solar wind on 16 July 2020. Results. At least 6reconnecting current sheets with associated multiple proton populations andbeams, including a case of magnetic reconnection at a switchback boundary, arefound during this day. This represents 2% of the measured distributionfunctions. We discuss how this proportion may be underestimated, and how it maydepend on solar wind type and distance from the Sun. Conclusions. Althoughsuggesting a likely small contribution, but which remains to be quantitativelyassessed, Solar Orbiter observations show that magnetic reconnection must beconsidered as one of the mechanisms that produce multiple proton populationsand beams locally in the solar wind.

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• Journal article
  Wimmer-Schweingruber RF, Janitzek NP, Pacheco D, Cernuda I, Lara FE, Gomez-Herrero R, Mason GM, Allen RC, Xu ZG, Carcaboso F, Kollhoff A, Kuehl P, von Forstner JLF, Berger L, Rodriguez-Pacheco J, Ho GC, Andrews GB, Angelini V, Aran A, Boden S, Bottcher S, Carrasco A, Dresing N, Eldrum S, Elftmann R, Evans V, Gevin O, Hayes J, Heber B, Horbury TS, Kulkarni SR, Lario D, Lees WJ, Limousin O, Malandraki OE, Martin C, O'Brien H, Mateo MP, Ravanbakhsh A, Rodriguez-Polo O, Sanchez Prieto S, Schlemm CE, Seifert H, Terasa JC, Tyagi K, Vainio R, Walsh A, Yedla MKet al., 2021,
  , ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, Vol: 656, ISSN: 0004-6361
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  • Citations: 53
• Journal article
  Cohen CMS, Christian ER, Cummings AC, Davis AJ, Desai M, de Nolfo GA, Giacalone J, Hill ME, Joyce CJ, Labrador AW, Leske RA, Matthaeus WH, McComas DJ, McNutt RL, Mewaldt RA, Mitchell DG, Mitchell JG, Rankin JS, Roelof EC, Schwadron NA, Stone EC, Szalay JR, Wiedenbeck ME, Vourlidas A, Bale SD, Pulupa M, MacDowall RJet al., 2021,
  , ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, Vol: 656, ISSN: 0004-6361
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  • Citations: 22
• Journal article
  Zaslavsky A, Mann I, Soucek J, Czechowski A, Pisa D, Vaverka J, Meyer-Vernet N, Maksimovic M, Lorfevre E, Issautier K, Babic KR, Bale SD, Morooka M, Vecchio A, Chust T, Khotyaintsev Y, Krasnoselskikh V, Kretzschmar M, Plettemeier D, Steller M, Stverak S, Travnicek P, Vaivads Aet al., 2021,
  , ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, Vol: 656, ISSN: 0004-6361
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  • Citations: 28
• Journal article
  Owen CJ, Kataria DO, Bercic L, Horbury TS, Berthomier M, Verscharen D, Bruno R, Livi S, Louarn P, Anekallu C, Kelly CW, Lewis GR, Watson G, Fortunato V, Mele G, Nicolaou G, Wicks RT, O'Brien H, Evans V, Angelini Vet al., 2021,
  , ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, Vol: 656, ISSN: 0004-6361
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  • Citations: 1
• Journal article
  Kilpua EKJ, Good SW, Dresing N, Vainio R, Davies EE, Forsyth RJ, Gieseler J, Lavraud B, Asvestari E, Morosan DE, Pomoell J, Price DJ, Heyner D, Horbury TS, Angelini V, O'Brien H, Evans V, Rodriguez-Pacheco J, Herrero RG, Ho GC, Wimmer-Schweingruber Ret al., 2021,
  , ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, Vol: 656, ISSN: 0004-6361
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  • Citations: 11
• Journal article
  Maksimovic M, Soucek J, Chust T, Khotyaintsev Y, Kretzschmar M, Bonnin X, Vecchio A, Alexandrova O, Bale SD, Berard D, Brochot J-Y, Edberg NJT, Eriksson A, Hadid LZ, Johansson EPG, Karlsson T, Katra B, Krasnoselskikh V, Krupar V, Lion S, Lorfevre E, Matteini L, Nguyen QN, Pisa D, Piberne R, Plettemeier D, Rucker HO, Santolik O, Steinvall K, Steller M, Stverak S, Travnicek P, Vaivads A, Zaslavsky A, Chaintreuil S, Dekkali M, Astier P-A, Barbary G, Boughedada K, Cecconi B, Chapron F, Collin C, Dias D, Gueguen L, Lamy L, Leray V, Malac-Allain LR, Pantellini F, Parisot J, Plasson P, Thijs S, Fratter I, Bellouard E, Danto P, Julien S, Guilhem E, Fiachetti C, Sanisidro J, Laffaye C, Gonzalez F, Pontet B, Queruel N, Jannet G, Fergeau P, de Wit TD, Vincent T, Agrapart C, Pragout J, Bergerard-Timofeeva M, Delory GT, Turin P, Jeandet A, Leroy P, Pellion J-C, Bouzid V, Recart W, Kolmasova I, Kruparova O, Uhlir L, Lan R, Base J, Andre M, Bylander L, Cripps V, Cully C, Jansson S-E, Puccio W, Brinek J, Ottacher H, Angelini V, Berthomier M, Evans V, Goetz K, Hellinger P, Horbury TS, Issautier K, Kontar E, Le Contel O, Louarn P, Martinovic M, Mueller D, O'Brien H, Owen CJ, Retino A, Rodriguez-Pacheco J, Sahraoui F, Sanchez L, Walsh AP, Wimmer-Schweingruber RF, Zouganelis Iet al., 2021,
  , ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, Vol: 656, ISSN: 0004-6361
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• Journal article
  Telloni D, Scolini C, Moestl C, Zank GP, Zhao L-L, Weiss AJ, Reiss MA, Laker R, Perrone D, Khotyaintsev Y, Steinvall K, Sorriso-Valvo L, Horbury TS, Wimmer-Schweingruber RF, Bruno R, D'Amicis R, De Marco R, Jagarlamudi VK, Carbone F, Marino R, Stangalini M, Nakanotani M, Adhikari L, Liang H, Woodham LD, Davies EE, Hietala H, Perri S, Gomez-Herrero R, Rodriguez-Pacheco J, Antonucci E, Romoli M, Fineschi S, Maksimovic M, Soucek J, Chust T, Kretzschmar M, Vecchio A, Muller D, Zouganelis I, Winslow RM, Giordano S, Mancuso S, Susino R, Ivanovski SL, Messerotti M, O'Brien H, Evans V, Angelini Vet al., 2021,
  , Astronomy and Astrophysics: a European journal, Vol: 656, ISSN: 0004-6361

  Context. Solar Orbiter, the new-generation mission dedicated to solar and heliospheric exploration, was successfully launched on February 10, 2020, 04:03 UTC from Cape Canaveral. During its first perihelion passage in June 2020, two successive interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs), propagating along the heliospheric current sheet (HCS), impacted the spacecraft.Aims. This paper addresses the investigation of the ICMEs encountered by Solar Orbiter on June 7−8, 2020, from both an observational and a modeling perspective. The aim is to provide a full description of those events, their mutual interaction, and their coupling with the ambient solar wind and the HCS.Methods. Data acquired by the MAG magnetometer, the Energetic Particle Detector suite, and the Radio and Plasma Waves instrument are used to provide information on the ICMEs’ magnetic topology configuration, their magnetic connectivity to the Sun, and insights into the heliospheric plasma environment where they travel, respectively. On the modeling side, the Heliospheric Upwind eXtrapolation model, the 3D COronal Rope Ejection technique, and the EUropean Heliospheric FORecasting Information Asset (EUHFORIA) tool are used to complement Solar Orbiter observations of the ambient solar wind and ICMEs, and to simulate the evolution and interaction of the ejecta in the inner heliosphere, respectively.Results. Both data analysis and numerical simulations indicate that the passage of two distinct, dynamically and magnetically interacting (via magnetic reconnection processes) ICMEs at Solar Orbiter is a possible scenario, supported by the numerous similarities between EUHFORIA time series at Solar Orbiter and Solar Orbiter data.Conclusions. The combination of in situ measurements and numerical simulations (together with remote sensing observations of the corona and inner heliosphere) will significantly lead to a deeper understanding of the physical processes occurring during the CME-CME interaction.

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• Journal article
  Hadid LZ, Edberg NJT, Chust T, Pisa D, Dimmock AP, Morooka MW, Maksimovic M, Khotyaintsev Y, Soucek J, Kretzschmar M, Vecchio A, Le Contel O, Retino A, Allen RC, Volwerk M, Fowler CM, Sorriso-Valvo L, Karlsson T, Santolik O, Kolmasova I, Sahraoui F, Stergiopoulou K, Moussas X, Issautier K, Dewey RM, Wolt MK, Malandraki OE, Kontar EP, Howes GG, Bale SD, Horbury TS, Martinovic M, Vaivads A, Krasnoselskikh V, Lorfevre E, Plettemeier D, Steller M, Stverak S, Travnicek P, O'Brien H, Evans V, Angelini V, Velli MC, Zouganelis Iet al., 2021,
  , ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, Vol: 656, ISSN: 0004-6361
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  • Citations: 13
• Journal article
  Kollhoff A, Kouloumvakos A, Lario D, Dresing N, Gomez-Herrero R, Rodriguez-Garcia L, Malandraki OE, Richardson IG, Posner A, Klein K-L, Pacheco D, Klassen A, Heber B, Cohen CMS, Laitinen T, Cernuda I, Dalla S, Lara FE, Vainio R, Koeberle M, Kuehl R, Xu ZG, Berger L, Eldrum S, Bruedern M, Laurenza M, Kilpua EJ, Aran A, Rouillard AP, Bucik R, Wijsen N, Pomoell J, Wimmer-Schweingruber RF, Martin C, Boettcher S, von Forstner JLF, Terasa J-C, Boden S, Kulkarni SR, Ravanbakhsh A, Yedla M, Janitzek N, Rodriguez-Pacheco J, Mateo MP, Prieto SS, Espada PP, Polo OR, Hellin AM, Carcaboso F, Mason GM, Ho GC, Allen RC, Andrews GB, Schlemm CE, Seifert H, Tyagi K, Lees WJ, Hayes J, Bale SD, Krupar V, Horbury TS, Angelini V, Evans V, O'Brien H, Maksimovic M, Khotyaintsev Y, Vecchio A, Steinvall K, Asvestari Eet al., 2021,
  , ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, Vol: 656, ISSN: 0004-6361
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  • Citations: 28
• Journal article
  D'Amicis R, Bruno R, Panasenco O, Telloni D, Perrone D, Marcucci MF, Woodham L, Velli M, De Marco R, Jagarlamudi V, Coco I, Owen C, Louarn P, Livi S, Horbury T, Andre N, Angelini V, Evans V, Fedorov A, Genot V, Lavraud B, Matteini L, Muller D, O'Brien H, Pezzi O, Rouillard AP, Sorriso-Valvo L, Tenerani A, Verscharen D, Zouganelis Iet al., 2021,
  , Astronomy and Astrophysics: a European journal, Vol: 656, Pages: 1-17, ISSN: 0004-6361

  Context. Turbulence dominated by large-amplitude, nonlinear Alfvén-like fluctuations mainly propagating away from the Sun is ubiquitous in high-speed solar wind streams. Recent studies have demontrated that slow wind streams may also show strong Alfvénic signatures, especially in the inner heliosphere.Aims. The present study focuses on the characterisation of an Alfvénic slow solar wind interval observed by Solar Orbiter between 14 and 18 July 2020 at a heliocentric distance of 0.64 AU.Methods. Our analysis is based on plasma moments and magnetic field measurements from the Solar Wind Analyser (SWA) and Magnetometer (MAG) instruments, respectively. We compared the behaviour of different parameters to characterise the stream in terms of the Alfvénic content and magnetic properties. We also performed a spectral analysis to highlight spectral features and waves signature using power spectral density and magnetic helicity spectrograms, respectively. Moreover, we reconstruct the Solar Orbiter magnetic connectivity to the solar sources both via a ballistic and a potential field source surface (PFSS) model.Results. The Alfvénic slow wind stream described in this paper resembles, in many respects, a fast wind stream. Indeed, at large scales, the time series of the speed profile shows a compression region, a main portion of the stream, and a rarefaction region, characterised by different features. Moreover, before the rarefaction region, we pinpoint several structures at different scales recalling the spaghetti-like flux-tube texture of the interplanetary magnetic field. Finally, we identify the connections between Solar Orbiter in situ measurements, tracing them down to coronal streamer and pseudostreamer configurations.Conclusions. The characterisation of the Alfvénic slow wind stream observed by Solar Orbiter and the identification of its solar source are extremely important aspects for improving the understanding of future observ

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  Allen RC, Cernuda I, Pacheco D, Berger L, Xu ZG, von Forstner JLF, Rodriguez-Pacheco J, Wimmer-Schweingruber RF, Ho GC, Mason GM, Vines SK, Khotyaintsev Y, Horbury T, Maksimovic M, Hadid LZ, Volwerk M, Dimmock AP, Sorriso-Valvo L, Stergiopoulou K, Andrews GB, Angelini V, Bale SD, Boden S, Boettcher S, Chust T, Eldrum S, Espada PP, Lara FE, Evans V, Gomez-Herrero R, Hayes JR, Hellin AM, Kollhoff A, Krasnoselskikh V, Kretzschmar M, Kuehl P, Kulkarni SR, Lees WJ, Lorfevre E, Martin C, O'Brien H, Plettemeier D, Polo OR, Prieto M, Ravanbakhsh A, Sanchez-Prieto S, Schlemm CE, Seifert H, Soucek J, Steller M, Stverak S, Terasa JC, Travnicek P, Tyagi K, Vaivads A, Vecchio A, Yedla Met al., 2021,
  , ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, Vol: 656, ISSN: 0004-6361
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  • Citations: 7
• Journal article
  Owen CJ, Foster AC, Bruno R, Livi S, Louarn P, Berthomier M, Fedorov A, Anekallu C, Kataria D, Kelly CW, Lewis GR, Watson G, Bercic L, Stansby D, Suen G, Verscharen D, Fortunato V, Nicolaou G, Wicks RT, Rae IJ, Lavraud B, Horbury TS, O'Brien H, Evans V, Angelini Vet al., 2021,
  , ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, Vol: 656, ISSN: 0004-6361
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  • Citations: 5
• Journal article
  Fedorov A, Louarn P, Owen CJ, Horbury TS, Prech L, Durovcova T, Barthe A, Rouillard AP, Kasper JC, Bale SD, Bruno R, O'Brien H, Evans V, Angelini V, Larson D, Livi R, Lavraud B, Andre N, Genot V, Penou E, Mele G, Fortunato Vet al., 2021,
  , ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, Vol: 656, ISSN: 0004-6361
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  • Citations: 4
• Journal article
  Chust T, Kretzschmar M, Graham DB, Le Contel O, Retino A, Alexandrova A, Berthomier M, Hadid LZ, Sahraoui F, Jeandet A, Leroy P, Pellion J-C, Bouzid V, Katra B, Piberne R, Khotyaintsev Y, Vaivads A, Krasnoselskikh V, Soucek J, Santolik O, Lorfevre E, Plettemeier D, Steller M, Stverak S, Vecchio A, Maksimovic M, Bale SD, Horbury TS, O'Brien H, Evans V, Angelini Vet al., 2021,
  , ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, Vol: 656, ISSN: 0004-6361
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  • Citations: 6
• Journal article
  Aran A, Pacheco D, Laurenza M, Wijsen N, Lario D, Benella S, Richardson IG, Samara E, von Forstner JLF, Sanahuja B, Rodriguez L, Balmaceda L, Lara FE, Gomez-Herrero R, Steinvall K, Vecchio A, Krupar V, Poedts S, Allen RC, Andrews GB, Angelini V, Berger L, Berghmans D, Boden S, Bottcher S, Carcaboso F, Cernuda I, De Marco R, Eldrum S, Evans V, Fedorov A, Hayes J, Ho GC, Horbury TS, Janitzek NP, Khotyaintsev Y, Kollhoff A, Kuehl P, Kulkarni SR, Lees WJ, Louarn P, Magdalenic J, Maksimovic M, Malandraki O, Martinez A, Mason GM, Martin C, O'Brien H, Owen C, Parra P, Prieto Mateo M, Ravanbakhsh A, Rodriguez-Pacheco J, Rodriguez Polo O, Sanchez Prieto S, Schlemm CE, Seifert H, Terasa JC, Tyagi K, Verbeeck C, Wimmer-Schweingruber RF, Xu ZG, Yedla MK, Zhukov ANet al., 2021,
  , ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, Vol: 656, ISSN: 0004-6361
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  • Citations: 1
• Journal article
  Louarn P, Fedorov A, Prech L, Owen CJ, Bruno R, Livi S, Lavraud B, Rouillard AP, Genot V, Andre N, Fruit G, Reville V, Kieokaew R, Plotnikov I, Penou E, Barthe A, Khataria D, Berthomier M, D'Amicis R, Sorriso-Valvo L, Allegrini F, Raines J, Verscharen D, Fortunato V, Mele G, Horbury TS, O'brien H, Evans V, Angelini V, Maksimovic M, Kasper JC, Bale SDet al., 2021,
  , ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, Vol: 656, ISSN: 0004-6361
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  • Citations: 8
• Journal article
  Adhikari L, Zank GP, Zhao L-L, Telloni D, Horbury TS, O'Brien H, Evans V, Angelini V, Owen CJ, Louarn P, Fedorov Aet al., 2021,
  , ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, Vol: 656, ISSN: 0004-6361
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  • Citations: 11
• Journal article
  Soucek J, Pisa D, Kolmasova I, Uhlir L, Lan R, Santolik O, Krupar V, Kruparova O, Base J, Maksimovic M, Bale SD, Chust T, Khotyaintsev Y, Krasnoselskikh V, Kretzschmar M, Lorfevre E, Plettemeier D, Steller M, Stverak S, Vaivads A, Vecchio A, Berard D, Bonnin Xet al., 2021,
  , ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, Vol: 656, ISSN: 0004-6361
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  • Citations: 13
• Journal article
  Musset S, Maksimovic M, Kontar E, Krupar V, Chrysaphi N, Bonnin X, Vecchio A, Cecconi B, Zaslavsky A, Issautier K, Bale SD, Pulupa Met al., 2021,
  , ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, Vol: 656, ISSN: 0004-6361
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  • Citations: 21
• Journal article
  Vecchio A, Maksimovic M, Krupar V, Bonnin X, Zaslavsky A, Astier PL, Dekkali M, Cecconi B, Bale SD, Chust T, Guilhem E, Khotyaintsev Y, Krasnoselskikh V, Kretzschmar M, Lorfevre E, Plettemeier D, Souceck J, Steller M, Stverak S, Travnicek P, Vaivads Aet al., 2021,
  , ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS, Vol: 656, ISSN: 0004-6361
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  • Citations: 11
• Journal article
  Kasper JC, Klein KG, Lichko E, Huang J, Chen CHK, Badman ST, Bonnell J, Whittlesey PL, Livi R, Larson D, Pulupa M, Rahmati A, Stansby D, Korreck KE, Stevens M, Case AW, Bale SD, Maksimovic M, Moncuquet M, Goetz K, Halekas JS, Malaspina D, Raouafi NE, Szabo A, MacDowall R, Velli M, de Wit TD, Zank GPet al., 2021,
  , PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, Vol: 127, ISSN: 0031-9007
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  • Citations: 142
• Journal article
  Cargill PJ, Bradshaw SJ, Klimchuk JA, Barnes WTet al., 2021,
  , Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol: 509, Pages: 4420-4429, ISSN: 0035-8711

  The Enthalpy Based Thermal Evolution of Loops approximate model for static and dynamic coronal loops is developed to include the effect of a loop cross-sectional area which increases from the base of the transition region (TR) to the corona. The TR is defined as the part of a loop between the top of the chromosphere and the location where thermal conduction changes from an energy loss to an energy gain. There are significant differences from constant area loops due to the manner in which the reduced volume of the TR responds to conductive and enthalpy fluxes from the corona. For static loops with modest area variation the standard picture of loop energy balance is retained, with the corona and TR being primarily a balance between heating and conductive losses in the corona, and downward conduction and radiation to space in the TR. As the area at the loop apex increases, the TR becomes thicker and the density in TR and corona larger. For large apex areas, the coronal energy balance changes to one primarily between heating and radiation, with conduction playing an increasingly unimportant role, and the TR thickness becoming a significant fraction of the loop length. Approximate scaling laws are derived that give agreement with full numerical solutions for the density, but not the temperature. For non-uniform areas, dynamic loops have a higher peak temperature and are denser in the radiative cooling phase by of order 50 per cent than the constant area case for the examples considered. They also show a final rapid cooling and draining once the temperature approaches 1 MK. Although the magnitude of the emission measure will be enhanced in the radiative phase, there is little change in the important observational diagnostic of its temperature dependence.

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  Cheng ZW, Shi JK, Torkar K, Lu GP, Dunlop MW, Carr CM, Reme H, Dandouras I, Fazakerley Aet al., 2021,
  , JGR: Space Physics, Vol: 126, Pages: 1-12, ISSN: 2169-9402

  We statistically investigate the influence of the solar wind dynamic pressure (SW Pdyn) on the field-aligned currents (FACs) in the magnetotail with 1,492 FAC cases from July to October in 2001 and 2004, which covers 74 Cluster crossings of the plasma sheet boundary layer (PSBL) in both storm time and non-storm time. The FAC density in the magnetotail is derived from the magnetic field data with the four-point measurement of Cluster, and the SW Pdyn is taken from ACE data. The results indicate the FAC density becomes stronger with increasing SW Pdyn. The statistics show that the FAC occurrence increased monotonically with SW Pdyn in the three levels (Weak: SW Pdyn < 2 nPa; Medium: 2 nPa ≤ SW Pdyn ≤ 5 nPa; Strong: SW Pdyn > 5 nPa). The FAC density increased with increasing SW Pdyn, while its footprint (invariant latitude, ILAT) in the polar region decreased with increasing SW Pdyn. The response of the FAC to SW Pdyn in the magnetotail had a north-south hemispheric asymmetry. The FAC density had a better correlation with SW Pdyn in the Northern hemisphere, while the footprint had a better correlation with SW Pdyn in the Southern hemisphere. Possible underlying mechanisms for our results are analyzed and discussed. However, it requires more observations and simulation studies to find out the mechanism of north-south asymmetry.

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  Matteini L, Laker R, Horbury T, Woodham L, Bale SD, Stawarz JE, Woolley T, Steinvall K, Jones GH, Grant SR, Afghan Q, Galand M, O'Brien H, Evans V, Angelini V, Maksimovic M, Chust T, Khotyaintsev Y, Krasnoselskikh V, Kretzschmar M, Lorfevre E, Plettemeier D, Soucek J, Steller M, Stverak S, Travnicek P, Vaivads A, Vecchio A, Wimmer-Schweingruber RF, Ho GC, Gomez-Herrero R, Rodriguez-Pacheco J, Louarn P, Fedorov A, Owen CJ, Bruno R, Livi S, Zouganelis I, Muller Det al., 2021,
  , Astronomy and Astrophysics: a European journal, Vol: 656, ISSN: 0004-6361

  ontext. Solar Orbiter is expected to have flown close to the tail of comet C/2019 Y4 (ATLAS) during the spacecraft’s first perihelion in June 2020. Models predict a possible crossing of the comet tails by the spacecraft at a distance from the Sun of approximately 0.5 AU.Aims. This study is aimed at identifying possible signatures of the interaction of the solar wind plasma with material released by comet ATLAS, including the detection of draped magnetic field as well as the presence of cometary pick-up ions and of ion-scale waves excited by associated instabilities. This encounter provides us with the first opportunity of addressing such dynamics in the inner Heliosphere and improving our understanding of the plasma interaction between comets and the solar wind.Methods. We analysed data from all in situ instruments on board Solar Orbiter and compared their independent measurements in order to identify and characterize the nature of structures and waves observed in the plasma when the encounter was predicted.Results. We identified a magnetic field structure observed at the start of 4 June, associated with a full magnetic reversal, a local deceleration of the flow and large plasma density, and enhanced dust and energetic ions events. The cross-comparison of all these observations support a possible cometary origin for this structure and suggests the presence of magnetic field draping around some low-field and high-density object. Inside and around this large scale structure, several ion-scale wave-forms are detected that are consistent with small-scale waves and structures generated by cometary pick-up ion instabilities.Conclusions. Solar Orbiter measurements are consistent with the crossing through a magnetic and plasma structure of cometary origin embedded in the ambient solar wind. We suggest that this corresponds to the magnetotail of one of the fragments of comet ATLAS or to a portion of the tail that was previously disconnected and advected past the spacec

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