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Journal articleZhang Y, Wang Y, Gu Y, et al., 2027, , Electric Power Systems Research, Vol: 265, ISSN: 0378-7796
Grid-following (GFL) inverters have very different large-signal synchronization stability characteristics to synchronous generators, and convenient concepts such as the equal-area criterion and global energy function do not apply in the same way. Existing studies mainly focus on the synchronization stability of an individual GFL inverter, while interactions between multiple inverters are less often addressed. This paper elucidates the synchronization interaction mechanisms between heterogeneous inverters, covering GFL, grid-forming (GFM), and grid-supporting (GSP) types, to determine the stability boundaries of systems with mixed inverter compositions. The generalized large-signal synchronization model for two-inverter systems is derived for various inverter combinations. This establishes that systems containing GFL inverters do not admit a global energy function, fundamentally limiting the applicability of traditional direct methods — a previously unrecognized barrier. To overcome this barrier, a manifold method is employed to accurately determine the region of attraction (ROA). To address the computational complexity of the manifold method, reduced-order models of inverter are used based on multiscale analysis. The large-signal stability margin is assessed by the shortest distance from a stable equilibrium point (SEP) to the boundary of the ROA, which is called the stability radius (SR). Using the proposed framework, the analysis results of two-inverter system show that both GFM and GSP inverters significantly enhance the large-signal synchronization stability where the other inverter is GFL, with GFM providing slightly superior performance. This improvement is attributed to the voltage support effects and is maximized when the GFM or GSP inverter is located at the midpoint of the transmission line, where the voltage is lowest. In addition, two instability modes are identified: convergence to a stable periodic orbit (SPO) and convergence to other periodic SE
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Book chapterHaamer M, 艁ukawska M, Aasa A, et al., 2027, , Lecture Notes in Mobility, Pages: 561-568
Cycling is a key component of sustainable urban mobility, and understanding cyclists’ observed behaviour is important for designing efficient and attractive cycling infrastructure. This paper presents a descriptive analysis of high-resolution GPS data from the bike-share system in Tartu, Estonia, focusing on differences between e-bike and regular bicycle use and across socio-demographic groups. To our knowledge, this is the first study in Estonia and the wider Central and Eastern European region to examine urban cycling behaviour using a large-scale dataset that combines GPS trajectories with information on bicycle type, user age, and gender. Using 2024 bike-share trip data, we examine trip characteristics, route directness, and user groups. The results show clear differences between e-bike and regular bicycle use. E-bikes account for most trips, e-bike users are on average slightly younger, and travel longer distances during trips than regular bicycle users. The study forms part of a broader research project aimed at estimating a comparative cycling route choice model. The descriptive analysis presented here provides an empirical basis for that next stage by identifying key patterns in the data and highlighting the importance of considering bicycle type, user age, and gender in future modelling and cycling policy.
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Journal articleMurtinu S, Park HD, Tucci CL, et al., 2027, , Journal of Business Venturing, Vol: 42, ISSN: 0883-9026
Rapid technological advances in artificial intelligence and other digital technologies play a critical role in enabling established organizations to venture into new entrepreneurial opportunities. These advances present new challenges for corporate venturing (CV): how to organize, transfer information, and execute venturing activities as existing organizational structures and competencies become obsolete. This article introduces a framework for understanding how digital technologies reshape knowledge search in CV contexts under varying levels of environmental complexity, and proposes a typology of human-machine configurations that serves as a diagnostic tool for assessing the degree of machine autonomy in CV decisions. It further explores the opportunities and unintended consequences of these evolving digital venturing practices.
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BookLafontaine F, Kosova R, 2027,
Advanced Introduction to Franchising
, Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd, forthcoming -
Journal articleJungnickel M, 脰zdemir S枚nmez F, Mulligan C, et al., 2026, , Distributed Ledger Technologies: Research and Practice, Vol: 5, Pages: 1-25, ISSN: 2769-6480
<jats:p>Decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) have emerged as a novel organizational structure, attracting growing interest due to their decentralized, transparent governance, which replaces traditional hierarchies with stakeholder-managed rules codified as smart contracts. Although various governance models exist, comparative research across dimensions remains limited, leaving the literature fragmented and offering little practical guidance for selecting suitable models. This article critically analyses existing governance mechanisms and their implementation to support the development of more effective DAO models. To address current gaps, we review prior quantitative studies and conduct exploratory data analysis on centralization, participation, and decision controversy. The findings show that reputation and share-based models can mitigate the centralization seen in token-based systems, though all models suffer from low member engagement, suggesting an over reliance on direct democracy. Our analysis can be replicated across platforms and time frames to refine and validate these insights.</jats:p>
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Journal articleWu C, Zhang D, Jin Y, et al., 2026, , Journal of Urban Mobility, Vol: 10
Urban Air Mobility (UAM) presents a promising solution to alleviate road congestion and reduce travel times for longer trips. However, UAM trips require take-off and landing at dedicated vertiports, making them inherently intermodal. This study investigates passenger preferences for intermodal UAM transport as an airport access mode, relative to conventional private and public transport options, using London’s Heathrow Airport as the empirical context. To elicit these preferences, we design a stated preference experiment capturing travellers’ choices among airport access alternatives comprising different combinations of main travel modes and access modes, and analyse these choices using a range of discrete choice models. The analysis of survey data shows substantial heterogeneity in respondents’ preferences for UAM options and associated service attributes. Respondents exhibit an overall negative intrinsic preference for UAM as an airport access mode on average, but the UAM + taxi option is selected with non-negligible frequency across choice tasks. In particular, individuals who typically use taxis to access airports are more likely to choose UAM options, especially the UAM + taxi combination. Furthermore, when evaluating intermodal airport access trips, travellers appear to evaluate the overall travel option primarily based on the main travel mode, with the access mode serving as a secondary consideration. These findings provide evidence on UAM adoption potential for airport access and offer implications for future UAM service design and planning.
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Journal articleHu X, Xiong W, Tong D, et al., 2026, , Applied Energy, Vol: 426, ISSN: 0306-2619
Distributed PV effectively decarbonizes the urban energy use, however, as its penetration rises, the traditional “golden hours” of midday peak generation are increasingly turning into “dead zones” of low revenue due to supply–demand mismatch, deepening the net-load valley known as the Duck Curve. To avert such revenue collapse, an emerging solution is shifting the traditional tilt angled distributed PV (TTPV) to the vertical mounted bifacial PV (VBPV), reshaping the peak generation to morning and afternoon instead of midday with better matching to demands. Here, we propose a comprehensive framework to investigate VBPV potential on 26 million rooftops in 276 cities in China by assessing its generation and revenue, then the benefits and cost. We find that while VBPV will inevitably decrease 3–24% generation relative to TTPV, it yields 2–20% higher revenue in 195 cities under the latest feed-in tariff. Despite higher installation costs, VBPV becomes cost-competitive when reduced battery requirements and increased feed-in revenues are considered. Moreover, VBPV could raise the rooftop PV adoption rate by an average of 14%, adding an additional 398 GW of nationwide market potential and substantially alleviating the Duck Curve. Overall, simply re-orienting rooftop PV panels from tilted to vertical offers a cost-effective pathway to enhance renewable penetration and utilization efficiency.
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Journal articlePawlak J, Wang H, Olympios AV, et al., 2026, , Energy and Buildings, Vol: 372, ISSN: 0378-7788
Despite advancements in renewable energy technology adoption, the uptake of low-carbon heating technologies in the UK and many other countries remains insufficient to align with governmental objectives and targets. This has been attributed mainly to high capital costs, limited consumer awareness, and unclear economic and environmental benefits. This study aims to understand these challenges and analyse ways to overcome them by exploring consumer willingness to support the transition to low-carbon heating through adoption of low-carbon heating appliances, property retrofit and novel ownership and control models, using data from a two-wave survey of over 1000 UK households conducted in 2023–2024. The first wave assesses current household contexts, which inform three stated-preference scenarios in the second wave: (1) choosing between gas boilers, hydrogen-ready boilers, and air-source electric heat pumps, with varying costs, emissions, and support schemes; (2) deciding on retrofit levels (none, minor, major) characterised by costs, savings, and support; and (3) selecting between ownership and operation models (full ownership, shared ownership, service-based heating), each with different costs, contract lengths, and flexibility features. By using discrete choice modelling, the analysis provides insights into how different consumer segments, defined by sociodemographic and attitudinal factors, respond to attributes such as capital and operational costs, as well as the impact of support schemes. The study estimates willingness to pay for reduced nuisance or emissions, and the compensations required for participation in flexible pricing or demand-side response, offering guidance for policies that encourage low-carbon heating adoption across diverse user groups.
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Journal articleKasraian D, Kurihara E, Imani AF, et al., 2026, , Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Vol: 213, ISSN: 0965-8564
The 15-minute neighbourhood is a planning concept that aims to address urban environmental, health and social challenges by enabling residents to meet their daily needs within a 15-minute walk or cycle. While widely promoted, equity concerns have emerged regarding 15-minute neighbourhood transitions, particularly the tension between livability and accessibility gains and housing affordability protection. This work addresses two gaps in the existing 15-minute city literature. First, it presents empirical evidence on the relationship between local accessibility and housing affordability; second, it provides actionable guidance on how to ensure that interventions balance accessibility gains with affordability protection to promote just transitions that actively address, rather than exacerbate, existing inequalities. To assess the potential for 15-minute neighbourhoods to contribute to just transitions towards sustainable and healthy urban environments, we evaluate linkages between 15-minute neighbourhood status and affordable housing in Los Angeles county which faces a growing unhoused population alongside rising rent and home values. Informed by a literature review, we apply a scoring methodology that accounts for access and choice to different categories of amenities to assess 15-minute neighbourhood status, which we compare against different housing affordability metrics using geospatial analysis. Findings reveal a weak but positive correlation between 15-minute neighbourhood scores and affordable housing availability. Notably, residents of affordable housing in Los Angeles often have relatively high access to amenities traditionally perceived as less accessible to low-income populations, such as green spaces and grocery stores. Our findings suggest that cities may be able to pursue proximity-based planning without inherently exacerbating inequities, provided that affordability is explicitly considered. Beyond our immediate empirical findings, our proposal to jointl
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Journal articlePatro PK, Acquaye A, Ndiaye M, et al., 2026, , Resources Policy, Vol: 122, ISSN: 0301-4207
Illegal artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) continues to pose major environmental, governance, and mineral-traceability challenges across many resource-dependent economies, particularly within regions characterized by fragmented regulatory oversight, informal extraction networks, and weak supply-chain transparency. In Ghana, illegal ASM activities, commonly referred to as galamsey , have intensified concerns surrounding environmental degradation, ecosystem disruption, and downstream mineral traceability and accountability. Despite Ghana’s stable regulatory framework for sustainable gold mining, these gold supply chain issues persist. To address these challenges, we develop and implement a blockchain and geospatial artificial intelligence (AI)-powered framework. The framework integrates blockchain-based stakeholder governance and immutable compliance management with geospatial AI-driven environmental disturbance detection using Sentinel-2 satellite imagery. The framework incorporates a novel data-driven Galamsey Dispersion Index that quantifies mining-related environmental disturbance using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, Bare Soil Index, Normalized Difference Moisture Index, Modified Normalized Difference Water Index, and spatial clustering analysis. We implement and validate the framework on the Ethereum blockchain integrated with off-chain geospatial data analysis using Ghana’s ASM gold sector as a representative governance context and the Obuasi mining region as an illustrative case study. The results demonstrate that the proposed framework successfully enables environmental disturbance detection, concession governance, compliance enforcement, and downstream gold-batch transaction screening within a unified digital governance architecture. The concession boundaries shown in the analysis are representative, the illustrated compliance threshold has not been calibrated against ground truth, and the results should therefore be interpreted a
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